Reviewer Prelims Essay

Limitations to Economic ModelsModels an abstr manage generality of how relevant facts actually relate to unity some other. simplified pictures of reality1. free-handed Use of Assumptions2. Ceteris Paribus Everything else remains constant3. Short leech Long Run Short Run is a time range within which turnout can be adjusted only by changing the amounts of inconstant inputs remain unchanged. Long run is a time period that is coherent enough to permit changes in all inputs both fixed & variable. ** frozen constant/doesnt change** Variable varies4. The Use of Graph ocular representations of the relationship between 2 variables. ** Cartesian Plane Rene DescartesY axis IndependentCauseX axis DependentEffectApproaches1. supportivebased on factsuse to describe an occurrence of an event targetansw. the question, What is? Or What will be?2. Normativebased on mental picturesubjective / judgmentalpredictiveansw. the question,What ought to be? Or What should be?Branches of economic scienceMACRO broad birds eye examine aggregate demand and deliver contributions made by different sectors inthe economyMICRO exquisite / individual particular / specific demand and supply detailed close-up view Implications of Scarcity1. The need to make choicea. Opportunityb. Benefit or Punishmentc. Value JudgmentOpinion2. Rationing Device3. aspirationFour Economic ResourcesCapital physical or human ceilingLand natural resources (surface beneath)Labor blue collar or albumen collar is an effort human skillsEntrepreneur 4 functions Initiative championship Policy Innovator Risk Taker1. Availability of ResourcesProducts Goods tangible Services intangibleTwo Parties producer demanders (customers)2. Level of takeTwo Approaches Mkt. Aggregation (macro) Mkt. air division (micro)3. Manner, Methods and TechniquesProcedure of Productions3 Methodsa. Capital Intensive(capital labor)b. Labor Intensive(labor capital)c. mediate Production(capital = labor)4. Target Clients / Customer2 Methodsa. Direct (modern)Networking and Direct marketingb. Indirect (traditional)Manufacturer Advertiser Wholesaler Retailers Consumer5. Price reasonable gainful Producers Profit CostAffordable Consumers CostBasic Economic Activities1. ProductionInputs Procedures OutputsClassification of Products1. Basic2. Luxury3. Public4. Free5. Economic inevitably2. Distribution ReachTwo Methods of Distributiona. Non-conventional cheapest but slowestb. stately expensive but fast3. ExchangeBarter SytemMedium of Exhange wakeless Tender Philippine pesoNon-legal tender Foreign currency communication theoryCommunication Commun (oe) Communis common Communicare to shareCommunication EffectivenessWords 7%Non-Verbal 93% Vocal 38% Visual 55%Vocal vagabond phasing of voice voice quality voice pitchVisual oculesics (sight) haptics (touch) kinetics (body movement) accecories chronemics olfactics (hearing) proxemics (special)** Public Domain** General exper ience**Jargons the technical terminologyor characteristics idiom of a specialactivity or group.Communication breastwork1. Poor word choice2. Differing con nonations3. Inappropriate inferences (conclusions)4. Grammar, Spelling, Punctuation and sentence organize5. Wrong type of message6. Poor appearance of the sender of the oral examination message7. Poor appearance of written message8. Distracting environmental factors9. murderer incapable of receiving message10. Poor listening11. drop of delight12. Lack of knowledge needed to understand13. Different cultural perceptions14. Language hindrance15. Emotional state16. BiasSOCIOLOGYCapacity to shift from one eyeshot to anotherSelf-experience wider societySelf-centric views acceptance and understanding of others History of Sociology19th one CFrench r exploitation* democratic views starts to sprungIndustrialization* capitalist vs. laborers* stand up of machinery* social-problems scientific revolutionPioneers of Sociology1. Augu ste ComteFather of sociologyCoined the term socio(companion) and logy(study)2. Herbert SpencerSociety is a convergence of evolutionSocial Darwinism influenced himSociobiologist were not accepted in modern society3. Karl Marx apply sociological inquiry with himself scrap perspectiveHistory of the stimulate and have nots4. Emile DurkheimFather of Modern SociologySocial factsThe degree of social integration5. scoop WeberContradicting the political and economic ideas of Karl MarxSocial interaction conceptrise of Protestantism was a major contributor to the progress of capitalism and industrialization agri socialisation air of lifeMaterial and Non-material cultureBeliefs and traditionsModern/popular culture psychealitySocial Perspectives1. Social Funtionalist conjecture Functionalists believe that society is held unitedly by social consensus, in which members of the society agree upon, and work together to achieve, what is best for society as a whole. 2. Social Interaction Th eory (symbolic interactionalism which focuses on how people act according to their interpretations of the meaning of their world. 3. Social Conflict theory which focuses on the negative, conflicted, ever-changing nature of society.THEOLOGYLiving standardised messiahThe saviour of history and of being humanLiving the likes of Jesus is COMPLICATED and PROBLEMATIC because of his supernatural state It is a commodious responsibility to live like himFOUR Rs1. insurgentA non-conformist who do not abideHe was defiantHe was extraordinary because of his differing beliefs2. ReformistA mortal who goes for something better3. RevolutionaryA dreamer and an active workerDoesnt leave anything to chancenever works alone4. RadicalWho do not think and act like the restSomeone who challenges a particular orderJesus was RADICAL-MINDED, LIBERAL-MINDED and PRACTICAL-MINDED LiberatingA HERO who is DARINGA carpenterAnalytical practicalInnovatorJesuss timeGross injustice that was federal official by monstrous greedImpoverished sufferingsPatriarchal cultureJesus was BREAKTHROUGH-MINDEDBroke away from the way people think during his time godliness valueSomething that is important to usActions are always a product of choicesExclusive to human actionsHuman beings are rational beingsReasoning is a product of intelligence3 Font principles of Christian Morality1. soul2. Context3. Acts and ConsequencesOrder means survivalSurvival is everybodys interestSociety comes together to create a system of supportIf ones freedom ends, somebodys freedom beginsCo-existence demands RespectChristianity is a success storyThought-fullnessPeople find ways to co-exist with one anotherPeople make agreement and collective decisions to have ORDER in the community Order is beauty and beauty is life** Schechems, SamariaAt the substantially of Schechem he met a womanOstrasize excluded/isolated nobody relates to you** The Rational being is the Moral BeingBase from FREEDOMA moral person is someone who is fre e to do what he/she likes(chooses to do) for as long as he/she does not infringe Infringe violates the freedom of othersFreedom is not absoluteResponsible Freedom freedom is a responsibilitypenology penalENGLISHBusiness EnglishCommunicative CompetenceKnowledge of the LanguageAbility to use the LanguageWritingSpeakingearshotReadingTasks1. Types of earns2. Simulated CompanyNameLogo slogan/mottoNature of BusinessVision/Mission3. Business coat LetterCurriculum VitaeBio-dataResumeStandard Formal EnglishNo errorsNo contractionsCorrect tensesDictionMechanicsSpellingAbbreviationsCapitalizationsSyllabicationsPunctuations** Simulation patronage / company Social Responsibility** Figures of Speech = TropesParts of a Letter1. Date Line. The month, day, and year the letter is typed. 2. Inside Address. The name and address of the person to whom the letter is being sent. 3. Salutation. An opening greeting such as passion Ms. Jones. 4. Body. The text of the letter.5. Complimentary Closing. A closing to the letter such as Sincerely or Yours truly. 6. Signature. The writers signature.7. Writers Identification. The writers typed name and address.FILIPINOMasining / Malikhaing PagpapahayagInilipat sa GEC s2004Dating Retorika na ayon sa CHED memo 59, s1996Mga Paksa1. Kalikasan at simula ng Retorika2. Masining na pagpapahayag(pasulat at pasalita)3. Kritikal na pagbasa sa mga sulatin4. Pagsulat ng 4 na uri ng pagpapahayagPagsasalaysayPaglalarawanPaglalahadPangangatwiran2 uri ng Pagpapahayag1. Traditional2. Conventional (makabago)Talambuhay1. Talambuhay ng sarili2. Talambuhay ng ibang taoPaksa1. Paksa2. Pagkalap ng impormasyon3. Pagbabalangkas4. Pagbasa5. Muling pagsulat6. Publikasyon/paglilimbayParaan istilo, wika , karakter, angkop sa bumabasa, angkop sa tema, paglalarawan ng karakterDipinisyon1. Maanyong Dipinisyon uri/klase2. Dipinisyong Pasanaysay Kontrasyon** Retorika magaling na tagapagsalitaClassical Greek Rethoric1. Corax Ama ng Greek magniloquenceBahagi ng Talunmpati1. Proem2. Narrative/Narration3. Statement of Argument4. defense reaction/opposing argument5. Summary/Conclusion** Proem pagpapakilala sa nilalaman ng talumpati** Summary buong punto o buod ng paksa2. Tisias estudyante ni CoraxBahagi ng Talumpati1. Prologue2. Narrative3. Argument4. Epilogue** Prologue pagkuha sa atensyon ng takapakinig habang sinasabi ang introduksyon3. AristotleBahagi ng Talumpati1. Exordium2. Narratio3. Divisio (argument)4. Confirmatio (affirmative)5. Confutatio (refutation)6. Conclusio** Exordium pagkakaroon ng interaksyon sa tagapagsalita at sa takapakinig mula sa introduksyonMedieval Rhetoric1. Cicero5 Canons of Rhetoric1. Inventio (invention)2. Despositio (arrangement)3. Elocotiu (style)4. Memoria (memory)5. Action (delivery)** Inventio paksa, audience, sitwasyon** Despositio balangkas** Elocotiu figures of speech** Memoria kaisipan2. fivetillianGood man speaking wellKarakter ng isang speakerTinaguriang Roman Wiseman3. TertullianUnang nag translate ng Holy ScriptureAma ng Latin ChristianityNagsulat ng Latin Christian LiteratureNag-introduce sa Holy Trinity4. LucianridiculerNative speaker ng barbarian5. HermogenesGriyegong rhetoricLegal documentsAng retorika ay ang pagkakaroon ng mahusay na pagsasalita6. CapellaProseNarrativeDidactic method7. St. Augustine8. CassiodorousLetter written material9. IsidoreEncyclopedia of Human KnowledgeDialectic approach10. Al QuinParliamentary ProcedureCivic11. BedePoetry / poetic way of writing12. Nother LabeoLatin German Literature13. Boethius