Born in Vienna in 1878, Lise Meitner was peerless of eight children; her contract was among the first group of Jewish men to practice truth in Austria. As with Marie Curie (but rare for a cleaning lady at the turn of the century), the intellectual atmosphere that surrounded her as a child nurtured her scientific inclination. She had a marked readiness for mathematics as well, and adopted Madame Curie and Florence Nightingale as her heroines. The shy, quiet, unfledged woman convinced her father to let her debate with a private tutor to prepare her for university study. She easily passed the mesmerise examination to the University of Vienna. With her usual passion, Lise attended every possible lecture--both in the sciences and the humanities. It was immediately clear that she had to get used to being the notwithstanding woman in a room skilful of virtuoso hundred students. The men tolerated her, but silently. A particularly laborious calculus problem and an insensitive professor quickly glum her from mathematics to focus completely on natural philosophy. She attended Ludwig Boltzmanns lectures, and canvas long and hard until she mastered the subjects demanded of physics students. But she hesitated to buck the doctoral examinations. The university had awarded only 14 doctorates to women in the last 541 years. Of those, none were in physics.
After continual prodding by her tutor, she in the long run sat for the exams and received her doctorate in 1906.
Despite her parents hesitations about young women traveling, Lise decided to go to Berlin to attend a series of lectures inclined by Max Planck. Originally planned as a short visit, she ended up staying there over xxx years. She was fortunate to find a position in the physics institute working as Otto Hahns assistant. This proved to be one of the outstanding collaborations in physics.
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