Origins of Psychology and Research Methods Worksheet

Part I: Origins of PsychologyThe seven major perspectives in modern psychology are psychoanalytic, behaviouristic, humanist, cognitive, neuroscientific/biopsychological, evolutionary, and sociocultural.

Psychoanalytic: The founder of the psychoanalytic school day of plan is Sigmund Freud. He believed that many psychological problems result from the conflicts that occur amongst ?acceptable? doings and ?unacceptable? unconscious sexual or aggressive motives. His theory was called Psychoanalysis. Freud relied more on deductive ratiocination rather than on rigorous research methods, hence devising his approach non-scientific. Also, he laid emphasis on the impressiveness of unconscious processes and unresolved past conflicts.

Behaviorist: The founder of the behaviorist school of thought is John B. Watson. Behaviorism perspective jilted the notion of the conscious and unconscious mind, but instead focused on the importance of observation and environmental influences on behavior. This school of thought first started with the Pavlov?s ?classical teach?, which claimed that behaviors could be learned via conditioned associations Classical conditioning is a larn that occurs by which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a substantive stimulus and acquires the message to elicit a similar repartee (Feist, 2008, p. 449). Another famous behaviorist, B.F Skinner, believed in the concept of ?operant conditioning?, which demonstrated the effect of punishment and reinforcement on behavior.



For instance, He claimed that if a behavior is reinforced, it increases the chances of that behavior to be repeated. Similarly, if a behavior is followed with punishment, the chances of that behavior to repeat itself diminish.

Humanist: The two major figures of the humanist perspective are Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. They believed that all individuals have the natural capacity to move towards self actualization. Also, they emphasized on the notion of scanty will (voluntarily chosen behavior) and self-actualization (a state of self-fulfillment) (John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2008).

cognitive: Cognitive psychologists are interested in investigating the thought...

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